Overview
Engineering reference data for Us Bolts Tensile Proof Load in mechanics.
Key Formulas
Newton's Second Law
Force = mass × acceleration.
Work
Work = force × displacement × cos(angle).
Kinetic Energy
Energy of motion.
Potential Energy
Gravitational potential energy.
Variables
| Symbol | Description | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Force | N | |
| Mass | kg | |
| Acceleration | m/s² | |
| Velocity | m/s |
Material Grades and Properties
| Grade | Material | Proof Load (psi) | Minimum Tensile Strength (psi) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grade 2 | Low Carbon Steel | 55,000 (up to 3/4") / 33,000 (3/4"–1-1/2") | 74,000 / 66,000 |
| Grade 5 | Medium Carbon Steel, Quenched & Tempered | 85,000 (up to 1") / 74,000 (1"–1-1/2") | 105,000 |
| Grade 8 | Medium Carbon Alloy Steel, Quenched & Tempered | 120,000 (up to 1-1/2") | 150,000 |
| Lamalloy | Medium Carbon Alloy Steel, Quenched & Tempered | 145,000 (up to 1-1/2") | 180,000 |
Clamp load is typically specified as 75% of proof load to provide a safety margin against bolt yielding while maintaining joint integrity.