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美國寬翼緣鋼梁

美國寬翼緣鋼梁的截面尺寸與材料性能參考資料。

americanwideflangesteel

概述

美國寬翼緣鋼樑(W 型鋼)是依 ASTM A6 標準化的結構鋼斷面。其寬翼緣與腹板垂直,能沿兩軸提供很高的抗彎能力,因此廣泛用於樓板骨架、屋頂大樑和橋樑構件。

其標示格式為 W [以 inches 表示的深度] × [以 lb/ft 表示的重量]。例如,W 24 × 104 的標稱深度為 24 inches,每 linear foot 重 104 lbf。

hwstxy
American wide flange beam cross-section dimensions

關鍵公式

彎曲應力

σ=McIx\sigma = \frac{M \cdot c}{I_x}

其中 M 為外加彎矩,c 為中性軸到最外纖維的距離(對 W 型鋼而言約為 h/2),I_x 為強軸慣性矩。

彈性截面模數

Sx=IxcS_x = \frac{I_x}{c}

截面模數將幾何性質整合為單一數值,因此 σ=M/Sx\sigma = M / S_x

變量

符號說明單位
σ\sigma彎曲應力psi
MM彎矩lbf·in
cc從中性軸到最外纖維的距離in
IxI_x強軸慣性矩in⁴
SxS_x強軸彈性截面模數in³

鋼樑性質 — 精選尺寸

常見 W 型鋼牌號的代表性英制性質(ASTM A6)。

15
深度 h (in)
寬度 w (in)
(in)
法蘭 tf (in)
面積 (in²)
重量 (lbf/ft)
慣性矩 Ix (in⁴)
慣性矩 Iy (in⁴)
截面模量 Sx (in³)
截面模量 Sy (in³)
W 27 x 17827.814.090.7251.1952.3178699055550278.8
W 27 x 9426.9100.490.74527.794327012424324.8
W 24 x 13124.512.90.6050.9638.5131402034032953
W 24 x 6823.78.970.4150.58520.168183070.415415.7
W 21 x 11121.512.340.550.87532.7111267027424944.5
W 21 x 5020.86.530.380.53514.75098424.994.57.64
W 18 x 7618.211.040.4250.6822.376133015214627.6
W 18 x 3517.760.30.42510.33551015.357.65.12
W 14 x 8214.3110.130.510.85524.18288214812329.3
W 14 x 3413.986.7450.2850.455103434023.348.66.91
W 12 x 7212.2512.040.430.6721.17259719597.432.4
W 12 x 2612.226.490.230.387.72620417.333.45.34
W 10 x 499.98100.340.5614.44927293.454.618.7
W 10 x 1910.244.020.250.3955.61996.34.2918.82.14
W 8 x 408.258.070.360.5611.74014649.135.512.2

計算器 — 由外加彎矩計算彎曲應力

彎曲應力檢核

W 型鋼單位換算器

荷載計算

原始來源將讀者導向鋼樑荷載工具,涵蓋兩端支承、一端固定另一端支承,以及兩端固定的鋼樑。下方計算器直接在此移植頁面保留最常用的對應功能。

簡支樑 - 均布荷載

簡支樑 - 跨中集中荷載

懸臂樑 - 端點集中荷載

保留的來源文字

Engineering ToolBox - 工程與技術應用設計的資源、工具和基本資訊。

W 型鋼(寬翼緣鋼樑)是厚實堅固的鋼樑,其寬翼緣與材料腹板垂直,形成特有外形,並與 I 型鋼區分。依 ASTM A6 規範的美國寬翼緣鋼樑英制性質列於下方。若要在窄螢幕上查看包含深度、寬度、腹板與翼緣厚度及截面面積的完整表格,請將螢幕轉為橫向。

依 ASTM A6 規範的美國寬翼緣鋼樑 - 公制單位。

依 ASTM A6 規範的美國寬翼緣鋼樑 - 公制單位

若要查看包含深度、寬度、腹板與翼緣厚度及截面面積的完整表格,請旋轉螢幕!

美國寬翼緣鋼樑尺寸的標準標示方法,例如 W 6 x 25,表示深度為 6 inches、重量為 25 lb/ft。相關的 I 形斷面鋼樑系列包括英國 Universal Beams 和 Universal Columns、歐洲 IPE/HE/HL/HD 型鋼,以及美國 Wide Flange 和 H 型鋼。

下方還原的完整來源表格保留原始英制 W 型鋼斷面資料。來源表格共有 135 個非空白資料列:3 個群組標題列和 132 個 W 型鋼資料列。下方 DataTable 將這 132 個鋼樑資料列保留為資料列,並把群組標題資訊保留在欄名中。公制換算應使用上方換算器,從表列英制數值換算;在窄螢幕上檢視完整表格時,請將螢幕轉為橫向。

還原的原始來源表格

以下表格由原始來源頁面還原,以保留完整的參考資料。

W 型鋼 - 美國寬翼緣鋼樑 - 靜態參數

132
深度 h
寬度 w
法蘭 tf
面積
重量
慣性矩 Ix
慣性矩 Iy
截面模量 Sx
截面模量 Sy
W 27 x 17827.814.090.7251.1952.3178699055550278.8
W 27 x 16127.614.020.661.0847.4161628049745570.9
W 27 x 14627.4140.6050.97542.9146563044341163.5
W 27 x 11427.310.070.570.9333.5114409015929931.5
W 27×10227.110.020.5150.8330102362013926727.8
W 27 x 9426.9100.490.74527.794327012424324.8
W 27 x 8426.79.960.460.6424.884285010621321.2
W 24 x 16225130.7051.2247.7162517044341468.4
W 24 x 14624.712.90.651.0943146458039137160.5
W 24 x 13124.512.90.6050.9638.5131402034032953
W 24 x 11724.312.80.550.8534.4117354029729146.5
W 24×10424.112.750.50.7530.6104310025925840.7
W 24 x 9424.19.070.5150.87527.794270010922224
W 24 x 8424.19.020.470.7724.784237094.419620.9
W 24 x 7623.990.440.6822.476210082.517618.4
W 24 x 6823.78.970.4150.58520.168183070.415415.7
W 24 x 6223.77.040.430.5918.262155034.51319.8
W 24 x 5523.67.010.3950.50516.255135029.11148.3
W 21 x 14722.112.510.721.1543.2147363037632960.1
W 21 x 13221.812.440.651.03538.8132322033329553.5
W 21 x 12221.712.390.60.9635.9122296030527349.2
W 21 x 11121.512.340.550.87532.7111267027424944.5
W 21×10121.412.290.50.829.8101242024822740.3
W 21 x 9321.68.420.580.9327.393207092.919222.1
W 21 x 8321.48.360.5150.83524.383183081.417119.5
W 21 x 7321.28.30.4550.7421.573160070.615117
W 21 x 6821.18.270.430.6852068148064.714015.7
W 21 x 62218.240.40.61518.362133057.512713.9
W 21 x 5721.16.560.4050.6516.757117030.61119.4
W 21 x 5020.86.530.380.53514.75098424.994.57.6
W 21 x 4420.76.50.350.45134484320.781.66.4
W 18 x 1191911.270.6551.0635.1119219025323144.9
W 18×10618.711.20.590.9431.1106191022020439.4
W 18 x 9718.611.150.5350.8728.597175020118836.1
W 18 x 8618.411.090.480.7725.386153017516631.6
W 18 x 7618.211.040.4250.6822.376133015214627.6
W 18 x 7118.57.640.4950.8120.871117060.312715.8
W 18 x 6518.47.590.450.7519.165107054.811714.4
W 18 x 6018.27.560.4150.69517.66098450.110813.3
W 18 x 5518.17.530.390.6316.25589044.998.311.9
W 18 x 50187.50.3550.5714.75080040.188.910.7
W 18 x 4618.16.060.360.60513.54671222.578.87.4
W 18 x 4017.96.020.3150.52511.84061219.168.46.4
W 18 x 3517.760.30.42510.33551015.357.65.1
W 16×10016.9710.4250.5850.98529.4100149018617535.7
W 16 x 8916.7510.3650.5250.87526.289130016315531.4
W 16 x 7716.5210.2950.4550.7622.677110013813426.9
W 16 x 6716.3310.2350.3950.66519.76795411911723.2
W 16 x 5716.437.120.430.71516.85775843.192.212.1
W 16 x 5016.267.070.380.6314.75065937.28110.5
W 16 x 4516.137.0350.3450.56513.34558632.872.79.3
W 16 x 4016.016.9950.3050.50511.84051828.964.78.3
W 16 x 3615.866.9850.2950.4310.63644824.556.57
W 16 x 3115.885.5250.2750.449.123137512.447.24.5
W 16 x 2615.695.50.250.3457.68263019.638.43.5
W 14 x 13214.6614.7250.6451.0338.8132153054820974.5
W 14 x 12014.4814.670.590.9435.3120138049519067.5
W 14×10914.3214.6050.5250.8632109124044717361.2
W 14 x 9914.1614.5650.4850.7829.199111040215755.2
W 14 x 9014.0214.520.440.7126.59099936214349.9
W 14 x 8214.3110.130.510.85524.18288214812329.3
W 14 x 7414.1710.070.450.78521.87479613411226.6
W 14 x 6814.0410.0350.4150.72206872312110324.2
W 14 x 6113.899.9950.3750.64517.96164010792.221.5
W 14 x 5313.928.060.370.6615.65354157.777.814.3
W 14 x 4813.798.030.340.59514.14848551.470.312.8
W 14 x 4313.667.9950.3050.5312.64342845.262.711.3
W 14 x 3814.16.770.310.51511.23838526.754.67.9
W 14 x 3413.986.7450.2850.455103434023.348.66.9
W 14 x 3013.846.730.270.3858.853029119.6425.8
W 14 x 2613.915.0250.2550.427.69262458.935.33.5
W 14 x 2213.7450.230.3356.49221997292.8
W 12 x 13613.4112.40.791.2539.9136124039818664.2
W 12 x 12013.1212.320.711.10535.3120107034516356
W 12×10612.8912.220.610.9931.210693330114549.3
W 12 x 9612.7112.160.550.928.29683327013144.4
W 12 x 8712.5312.1250.5150.8125.68774024111839.7
W 12 x 7912.3812.080.470.73523.27966221610735.8
W 12 x 7212.2512.040.430.6721.17259719597.432.4
W 12 x 6512.12120.390.60519.16553317487.929.1
W 12 x 5812.1910.010.360.6417584751077821.4
W 12 x 5312.069.9950.3450.57515.65342595.870.619.2
W 12 x 5012.198.080.370.6414.75039456.364.713.9
W 12 x 4512.068.0450.3350.57513.2453505058.112.4
W 12 x 4011.948.0050.2950.51511.84031044.151.911
W 12 x 3512.56.560.30.5210.33528524.545.67.5
W 12 x 3012.346.520.260.448.83023820.338.66.2
W 12 x 2612.226.490.230.387.72620417.333.45.3
W 12 x 2212.314.030.260.4256.5221564.725.42.3
W 12 x 1912.164.0050.2350.355.6191303.821.31.9
W 12 x 1611.993.990.220.2654.7161032.817.11.4
W 12 x 1411.913.970.20.2254.21488.62.414.91.2
W 10 x 11211.3610.4150.7551.2532.911271623612645.3
W 10×10011.110.340.681.11229.410062320711240
W 10 x 8810.8410.2650.6050.9925.98853417998.534.8
W 10 x 7710.610.190.530.8722.67745515485.930.1
W 10 x 6810.410.130.470.77206839413475.726.4
W 10 x 6010.2210.080.420.6817.66034111666.723
W 10 x 5410.0910.030.370.61515.8543031036020.6
W 10 x 499.98100.340.5614.44927293.454.618.7
W 10 x 4510.18.020.350.6213.34524853.449.113.3
W 10 x 399.927.9850.3150.5311.5392094542.111.3
W 10 x 339.737.960.290.4359.713317036.6359.2
W 10 x 3010.475.810.30.518.843017016.732.45.8
W 10 x 2610.335.770.260.447.62614414.127.94.9
W 10 x 2210.175.750.240.366.52211811.423.24
W 10 x 1910.244.020.250.3955.61996.34.318.82.1
W 10 x 1710.114.010.240.3351781.93.616.21.8
W 10 x 159.9940.230.274.41568.92.913.81.5
W 10 x 129.873.960.190.213.51253.82.210.91.1
W 8 x 6798.280.570.93519.76727288.660.421.4
W 8 x 588.758.220.510.8117.15822875.15218.3
W 8 x 488.58.110.40.68514.14818460.943.315
W 8 x 408.258.070.360.5611.74014649.135.512.2
W 8 x 358.128.020.310.49510.33512742.631.210.6
W 8 x 3187.9950.2850.4359.13111037.127.59.3
W 8 x 288.066.5350.2850.4658.3289821.724.36.6
W 8 x 247.936.4950.2450.47.12482.818.320.95.6
W 8 x 218.285.270.250.46.22175.39.818.23.7
W 8 x 188.145.250.230.335.31861.9815.23
W 8 x 158.114.0150.2450.3154.415483.411.81.7
W 8 x 137.9940.230.2553.81339.62.79.91.4
W 8×107.893.940.170.2052.91030.82.17.81.1
W 6 x 256.386.080.320.4557.32553.417.116.75.6
W 6 x 206.26.020.260.3655.92041.413.313.44.4
W 6 x 166.284.030.260.4054.71632.14.410.22.2
W 6 x 155.995.990.230.264.41529.19.39.73.1
W 6 x 126.0340.230.283.61222.137.31.5
W 6 x 95.93.940.170.2152.7916.42.25.61.1
W 5 x 195.155.030.270.435.51926.29.110.23.6
W 5 x 165.0150.240.364.71621.37.58.53
W 4 x 134.164.060.280.3453.81311.33.95.51.9

工程要點

  • ASTM A6 公差涵蓋深度、翼緣寬度、腹板直線度和側彎。關鍵應用務必查驗鋼廠證明文件。
  • 緊實與非緊實翼緣:受壓翼緣的局部挫屈行為取決於 b/t 比(翼緣寬厚比)。請參照 AISC 360 Table B4.1b 對各斷面進行分類。
  • 側向扭轉挫屈:當無側向支撐長度超過 LpL_p 時,可用彎矩容量會降低。表列 Sx 僅適用於具有足夠支撐的塑性或緊實範圍。
  • 深度與重量的取捨:在同一標稱深度群組中,較重的牌號具有較厚的翼緣和腹板,能提高 Ix 和腹板剪力容量,但也會增加重量。
  • 接合:寬翼緣為螺栓剪力接合板和彎矩端板細部提供充足表面,但仍須依 AISC 要求,對照翼緣寬度檢核最小邊距。
  • 公制對應尺寸:ASTM A6 提供相同斷面系列的公制對應尺寸;標稱深度經換算後四捨五入至最接近的 millimeter。

參考資料

  • ASTM A6 / A6M — Standard Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling
  • AISC 360 — Specification for Structural Steel Buildings
  • 原始來源:Engineering ToolBox — 美國寬翼緣鋼樑