плавление и кипение температура углеводороды и алканы алкены и бензол ароматический спирт и кислота нафталин

Overview

Engineering reference data for Melting Boiling Temperature Hydrocarbons Alkane Alkene Benzene Aromatic Alcohol Acid Naphthalene in thermodynamics.

Key Formulas

First Law

$\Delta U = Q - W$

Energy is conserved — heat added minus work done.

Ideal Gas Law

$PV = nRT$

Relates pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas.

Heat Transfer

$Q = mc\Delta T$

Sensible heat transfer.

Carnot Efficiency

$\eta = 1 - T_C/T_H$

Maximum efficiency between two temperatures.

Variables

Symbol	Description	Unit
$U$	Internal energy	J
$Q$	Heat	J
$W$	Work	J
$P$	Pressure	Pa
$V$	Volume	m³
$T$	Temperature	K

References

• Original Source