элементы периодическая таблица атомный вес плавление и кипение точки плотность электроотрицательность электронное аффинный конфигурация

Overview

Engineering reference data for Elements Periodic Table Atomic Weight Melting Boiling Points Density Electronegativity Electron Affinity Configuration in thermodynamics.

Key Formulas

First Law

$\Delta U = Q - W$

Energy is conserved — heat added minus work done.

Ideal Gas Law

$PV = nRT$

Relates pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas.

Heat Transfer

$Q = mc\Delta T$

Sensible heat transfer.

Carnot Efficiency

$\eta = 1 - T_C/T_H$

Maximum efficiency between two temperatures.

Variables

Symbol	Description	Unit
$U$	Internal energy	J
$Q$	Heat	J
$W$	Work	J
$P$	Pressure	Pa
$V$	Volume	m³
$T$	Temperature	K

References

• Original Source