Steel Bolts Metric Grades

Reference data and engineering information about steel bolts metric grades for material properties applications.

Overview

Engineering reference data for Steel Bolts Metric Grades in material science and properties.

$\sigma = \frac{F}{A}$

Force per unit area.

$\varepsilon = \frac{\Delta L}{L_0}$

Change in length per original length.

$\sigma = E \varepsilon$

Stress proportional to strain in elastic region.

$\Delta L = \alpha L_0 \Delta T$

Length change due to temperature.

Symbol	Description	Unit
$\sigma$	Stress	Pa
$\varepsilon$	Strain	—
$E$	Young's modulus	Pa
$\alpha$	Thermal expansion coefficient	1/°C
$\Delta T$	Temperature change	°C

$1 \text{ Pa} = 1 \text{ N/m}^2 = 1.4504 \times 10^{-4} \text{ lb/in}^2 \text{ (psi)}$