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Specific Gravity Liquids

Reference data and engineering information about specific gravity liquids for thermodynamics applications.

specificgravityliquids

Overview

Specific gravity (relative density) is the ratio of a liquid's density to the density of water at 4°C (1000 kg/m³). It is a dimensionless quantity used to characterize liquids in engineering applications.

Key Formulas

Specific Gravity Definition

SG=ρliquidρwaterSG = \frac{\rho_{liquid}}{\rho_{water}}

Ratio of liquid density to water density at 4°C (1000 kg/m³).

Density from Specific Gravity

ρ=SG×1000 kg/m3\rho = SG \times 1000 \text{ kg/m}^3

Convert SG directly to density at reference conditions.

API Gravity (Petroleum)

API=141.5SG−131.5\text{API} = \frac{141.5}{SG} - 131.5

Petroleum industry scale; water = 10°API.

Variables

Symbol Description Unit
SGSG Specific gravity — (dimensionless)
ρ\rho Density of liquid kg/m³
ρwater\rho_{water} Density of water at 4°C 1000 kg/m³
API API gravity °API

Data Table

Notes

  • Values are at standard conditions unless otherwise noted
  • Always verify values for critical applications

References