Soil Rock Bulking Factor

Overview

Engineering reference data for Soil Rock Bulking Factor in combustion engineering.

Key Formulas

Heat Release

$Q = \dot{m} \cdot HV$

Fuel energy release rate.

Air-Fuel Ratio

$AF = \frac{m_{air}}{m_{fuel}}$

Mass of air per mass of fuel.

Excess Air

$EA = \frac{O_2}{21 - O_2} \times 100\%$

From flue gas oxygen measurement.

Variables

Symbol	Description	Unit
$Q$	Heat release rate	W
$\dot{m}$	Mass flow rate	kg/s
$HV$	Heating value	J/kg
$AF$	Air-fuel ratio	—

Material Bulking Factors

Swell Volume Formula

The swell volume calculation using the bulking factor:

$V_{swell} = V_{original} \times \left(1 + \frac{B}{100}\right)$

Where:

• $V_{swell}$ is the volume after swelling,
• $V_{original}$ is the original volume from borrow,
• $B$ is the bulking factor in percent.

For example, excavating 300 m³ of clay with a bulking factor of 40% results in a swell volume of $300 \times (1 + 0.40) = 420$ m³.

References

• Original Source