Overview
Engineering reference data for Resistance Equivalent Length in electrical engineering.
Key Formulas
Ohm's Law
Voltage = Current × Resistance.
Power
Electrical power.
Energy
Energy = Power × Time.
Variables
| Symbol | Description | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Voltage | V | |
| Current | A | |
| Resistance | Ω | |
| Power | W |
Equivalent Length Concept
The equivalent length method simplifies pressure drop calculations by converting minor losses from fittings and valves into an equivalent length of straight pipe that would produce the same major head loss. This allows engineers to combine all losses into a single pipe length value.
The fundamental relationship is:
Where:
- = Equivalent length (ft or m)
- = Loss coefficient for the specific fitting
- = Internal pipe diameter
- = Darcy friction factor
Common Fittings Reference
The following fittings are commonly characterized using equivalent length values:
Bends:
- Elbows - regular 90°, long radius 90°, regular 45°
- Return bends - regular and long radius
Connections:
- Tees - line flow and branch flow
Flow Control:
- Valves - globe, gate, angle, and swing check
Protection Devices:
- Strainers (especially in hot water piping systems)
Fitting Data Tables
The equivalent length varies significantly with pipe size and fitting type. The following tables provide standardized values for common industrial applications.