PKa Inorganic Acid Base Hydrated Metal Ion Monoprotic Diprotic Triprotic Tetraprotic

Overview

Engineering reference data for PKa Inorganic Acid Base Hydrated Metal Ion Monoprotic Diprotic Triprotic Tetraprotic in material science and properties.

Key Formulas

Stress

$\sigma = \frac{F}{A}$

Force per unit area.

Strain

$\varepsilon = \frac{\Delta L}{L_0}$

Change in length per original length.

Hooke's Law

$\sigma = E \varepsilon$

Stress proportional to strain in elastic region.

Thermal Expansion

$\Delta L = \alpha L_0 \Delta T$

Length change due to temperature.

Variables

Symbol	Description	Unit
$\sigma$	Stress	Pa
$\varepsilon$	Strain	—
$E$	Young's modulus	Pa
$\alpha$	Thermal expansion coefficient	1/°C
$\Delta T$	Temperature change	°C

DataTable: Inorganic Acid & Base pKa Values

Important Definitions & Formulas

The acid dissociation constant (Kₐ) quantifies acid strength in solution. For the generic dissociation:

$\text{HA} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightleftharpoons \text{A}^- + \text{H}_3\text{O}^+$

The simplified expression, where the concentration of water is treated as constant, is:

$K_a = \frac{[\text{A}^-][\text{H}^+]}{[\text{HA}]}$

The pKₐ is the negative base-10 logarithm of Kₐ:

$\text{p}K_a = -\log_{10}(K_a)$

A key relationship connects pH, pKₐ, and the ratio of conjugate base to acid:

$\text{pH} = \text{p}K_a + \log_{10}\left(\frac{[\text{A}^-]}{[\text{HA}]}\right)$

Key Insights:

• A larger pKₐ indicates a weaker acid (less dissociation).
• When $\text{pH} = \text{p}K_a$, the solution contains equal concentrations of the acid and its conjugate base ($[\text{A}^-] = [\text{HA}]$).
• Polyprotic acids (e.g., H₃PO₄, H₂CO₄) have multiple dissociation steps and corresponding pKₐ values (pKₐ₁, pKₐ₂, ...).
• For a base (B), the dissociation of its conjugate acid (BH⁺) is described: $\text{BH}^+ \rightleftharpoons \text{B} + \text{H}^+$. The pKₐ for this reaction is listed in the table (marked with *).

Interactive Charts

References

• Original Source