Minerals Specific Gravity

Overview

Engineering reference data for Minerals Specific Gravity in thermodynamics.

Key Formulas

First Law

$\Delta U = Q - W$

Energy is conserved — heat added minus work done.

Ideal Gas Law

$PV = nRT$

Relates pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas.

Heat Transfer

$Q = mc\Delta T$

Sensible heat transfer.

Carnot Efficiency

$\eta = 1 - T_C/T_H$

Maximum efficiency between two temperatures.

Variables

Symbol	Description	Unit
$U$	Internal energy	J
$Q$	Heat	J
$W$	Work	J
$P$	Pressure	Pa
$V$	Volume	m³
$T$	Temperature	K

Mineral Specific Gravity Reference Table

The following table provides specific gravity values for common minerals, ores, and rock materials used in engineering and mining applications. Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of a material's density to the density of water (ρ_water = 1000 kg/m³ at 4°C).

Practical Applications

Specific gravity values are essential for:

• Bulk material handling — Converting between volume and weight for stockpile estimation and conveyor capacity calculations
• Mineral processing — Gravity separation techniques exploit differences in specific gravity to concentrate valuable minerals
• Geotechnical engineering — Estimating in-situ density of rock masses and foundation materials

References

• Original Source