Elements Melting Points

Overview

Engineering reference data for Elements Melting Points in thermodynamics.

Key Formulas

First Law

$\Delta U = Q - W$

Energy is conserved — heat added minus work done.

Ideal Gas Law

$PV = nRT$

Relates pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas.

Heat Transfer

$Q = mc\Delta T$

Sensible heat transfer.

Carnot Efficiency

$\eta = 1 - T_C/T_H$

Maximum efficiency between two temperatures.

Variables

Symbol	Description	Unit
$U$	Internal energy	J
$Q$	Heat	J
$W$	Work	J
$P$	Pressure	Pa
$V$	Volume	m³
$T$	Temperature	K

Melting Points Data Table

Key Properties & Observations

• Highest Melting Point: Tungsten (W) at $3410\,°\text{C}$ ($\pm\,20\,°\text{C}$), making it ideal for applications requiring extreme heat resistance (e.g., filaments).
• Lowest Melting Point: Helium (He) at $-272.2\,°\text{C}$ (at $26\,\text{atm}$). At standard pressure, helium remains liquid down to absolute zero.
• Room Temperature Liquids: Cesium (Cs), Gallium (Ga), Mercury (Hg), and Rubidium (Rb) have melting points near or below $30\,°\text{C}$.
• Sublimation Note: Carbon (C) is listed at $3652\,°\text{C}$ as its sublimation point, where it transitions directly from solid to gas.
• Gaseous Elements: Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), and the noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn) are gases at room temperature, with melting points far below $0\,°\text{C}$.

References

• Original Source