Electric Circuit Diagram

Overview

Engineering reference data for Electric Circuit Diagram in electrical engineering.

Key Formulas

Ohm's Law

$V = IR$

Voltage = Current × Resistance.

Power

$P = VI = I^2R = V^2/R$

Electrical power.

Energy

$E = Pt$

Energy = Power × Time.

Variables

Symbol	Description	Unit
$V$	Voltage	V
$I$	Current	A
$R$	Resistance	Ω
$P$	Power	W

Basic Definitions

An electric circuit is a closed loop that allows electric current to flow from a power source, through various components, and back to the source. The fundamental components include a voltage source (like a battery), conductors (wires), and a load (such as a resistor).

Direct Current (DC) flows in one direction, while Alternating Current (AC) periodically reverses direction.

Essential Properties

A complete circuit must satisfy Kirchhoff's Laws:

• Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL): The total current entering a node (junction) equals the total current leaving it. $\sum I_{in} = \sum I_{out}$
• Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL): The sum of all voltage drops around any closed loop in a circuit is zero. $\sum V = 0$

The fundamental relationship between voltage ($V$), current ($I$), and resistance ($R$) in a resistive element is given by Ohm's Law: $V = I \cdot R$

The power ($P$) dissipated or supplied by a component is calculated as: $P = V \cdot I$

References

• Original Source